philosophy of science
5 articles
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Alignment, Risks, and Regulation
The AI alignment problem and specification gaming, Bostrom's instrumental convergence thesis, value loading challenges, the EU AI Act of 2024, and IEEE Ethically Aligned Design.
Kuhn's Scientific Revolutions: Paradigms, Crisis, and Change
Thomas Kuhn's normal science, paradigm anomalies, scientific revolutions, incommensurability, Lakatos's protective belt response, and Feyerabend's methodological anarchism.
Reductionism vs Holism in Science: Emergence and Explanation
Strong vs weak emergence, why consciousness resists reductive explanation, the hard problem, wetness from H2O, and the ongoing biology vs physics reductionism debate.
Scientific Consensus: How It Forms and How It Gets Attacked
How scientific consensus forms through evidence and meta-analysis, Naomi Oreskes's 97% climate finding, the tobacco industry's doubt strategy, and legitimate dissent vs manufactured controversy.
The Scientific Method: Falsifiability, Hypotheses, and the Replication Crisis
Popper's falsifiability criterion, the hypothetico-deductive method, the 2015 Open Science Collaboration replication study (36% replicated), p-hacking, and how science self-corrects.